Ancil Nance Photographs
Peace protest march 1930s historical black and white photograph
Writing

The Political Role of Religious Pacifism During the Inter-War Years

A historical essay

Between the two World Wars, religious pacifism played a significant role in shaping public opinion and political debate in both Britain and the United States. Organizations like the Fellowship of Reconciliation and the War Resisters League drew their membership largely from Protestant churches.

The pacifist movement of the 1920s and 1930s was not simply a reaction to the horrors of the First World War, though that experience was central to it. It was also rooted in a theological tradition that saw war as incompatible with Christian ethics.

The movement's influence peaked in the early 1930s with the Oxford Pledge, in which thousands of British students vowed never to fight for king and country. In the United States, the Nye Committee hearings on munitions makers reinforced the view that the First World War had been fought for profit.

The rise of fascism in Europe forced a painful reckoning. By the late 1930s many religious pacifists had concluded that there were circumstances in which war was the lesser evil. The movement fractured, and has never fully recovered.

— Ancil Nance All Writing